Sensitizers For Photodynamic Therapy Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the administration of photoreactive drugs (photosensitizers) that are exclusively localized around the diseased tissues followed by light exposure. Upon exposure with a light source that can penetrate deeply into the tumor tissues and absorbed by the sensitizer will then lead to the generation of highly reactive species that cause cell death. In the first step, the photosensitizer is injected into the patient intravenously. After a required period of incubation, the photosensitizer gets accumulated in the tumor cells. The period of incubation optimizes the ratio of the concentration of the sensitizer in the malignant cells to that in normal cells and varies from a couple of hours to a few days depending on the nature of the sensitizer. After the incubation period, the tumor tissue is exposed to light of an appropriate wavelength where the photosensitizer has the maximum absorption. The excited state of the sensitizer produces highly reactive species such as singlet oxygen that reacts with biomolecules and causes tumor necrosis.
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- Suneesh C. Karunakaran, P. S. Saneesh Babu, Bollapalli Madhuri, Betsy Marydasan, Albish K. Paul, Asha S. Nair, K. Sridhar Rao, Alagar Srinivasan, Tavarekere K. Chandrashekar, Ch. Mohan Rao,Radhakrishna Pillai and D. Ramaiah, ACS Chem. Biol.,2012.
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- R. R. Avirah, D. T. Jayaram, N. Adarsh and D. Ramaiah, Org. Biomol. Chem.,2012.
- R. R. Avirah, K. Jyothish, C. H. Suresh, E. Suresh and D. Ramaiah, Chem. Commun, 2011.
- K.T. Arun, D. T. Jayaram, R. R. Avirah, and D. Ramaiah, J. Phys. Chem. B. 2011, 115, 7122–7128.
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- K. Jyothish, M. Hariharan, D. Ramaiah, Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 5944-5951.
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- K. Jyothish, K. T. Arun, D. Ramaiah, Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 3965-3968
Biomolecular Recognition
The interactions of ligands with various bio molecules find application in biomedical,biophysical and bio analytical areas of research.Our interest in this area is to design probes for a specific bio molecule and understand their interactions through various spectroscopic biophysical and microscopic techniques.
- D. T. Jayaram, B. H. Shankar and D. Ramaiah, RSC Adv., 2013, 3, 13463-13469.
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- P. P. Neelakandan, D. Ramaiah, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 8407-8411.
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- Hariharan, S. C. Karunakaran, D. Ramaiah, Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 417-420.
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DNA Binding & Cleaving Agents The study of interactions of various ligands with DNA has been the subject of considerable interest because of its importance in the design of drugs targeted to DNA as well as in understanding the electron and energy transfer properties of DNA. Of the various types of interactions, the intercalative interactions of ligands with DNA is particularly important because of the fact that many anticancer drugs and antibiotics exert their biological activity through DNA intercalation. A better understanding of the factors that govern the binding mode of ligands with DNA is not only essential for the design of efficient drugs targeted to DNA and development of probes for various DNA structures but also for the use of DNA in electronic materials applications.
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Photochromic Materials The phototransformations of organic molecules have been intensively investigated in the literature; the most common process is the photorearrangement. In recent years, we have investigated the photoisomerization of several dibenzobarrelene derivatives with a dibenzoylalkene functionality, in an effort to understand mechanistically the control of regioselectivity displayed by bridgehead substituents. Moreover, photochromic materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their applications in holography and three-dimensional memory information storage; their mechanistic elucidation has been of major concern. In this context, we have been interested in organic based systems that can exhibit photochromic properties.
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